Computer

• A computer is an electronic device, which can compute and process data as per the programmed set inside it. A computer is not only a single part. A set of technical parts get assembled and make full set of computer. Now, let’s look into the parts of computer. Some general parts require to make a computer set are: Monitor, Keyboard, Mouse, C.P.U (Central Processing Unit) and Speaker. Some other accessories are printer, scanner and modem. Monitor is a display unit to display the data, keyboard is a typing unit to type the data, Mouse is a pointing or selection unit, speaker is used to hear the sound, printer is used to take the print of data from the computer, scanner is used to scan and insert data to the computer and modem is used connect the telephone with computer to connect the internet and C.P.U. is vast concept which is again an integrated part made of different technical parts like processor, motherboard, hard disc, RAM, CD drive and cabinet with SMPS. A processor is the main unit of processing data (e.g. pentium IV, dual core, celeron, AMD etc), a mother board is an electronic circuit for different function, hard disc, ram and CD drive all are different kind of storage device.

Parts of computer are divided into input parts and output parts. Let’s see the classification of input and output parts:

A monitor is an output device, because it does not take any input but can give display of data which is an output function.
A keyboard is an input device since by typing we enter data into the computer, hence it is an input device.
A mouse is a selector and it does not give any output, so it is an input device.
A speaker is obviously an output device because we get a sound output from speaker only.
A printer is an output device since it gives print out of desired data from the computer
A scanner is an input device because it inserts the image of graphical data inside the computer
A CPU is an integrated device but since it perform everything internally and all its output comes through monitor only hence it is an input device.
A modem is a connector and as we all knew that connector perform both input and output function, hence this is an only device which is both input and output.

Now, let’s look more into CPU or Central Processing Unit. CPU is also known as the brain of computer. Similarly as human brain it has two memories 'Temporary Memory' and 'Secondary Memory'. Temporary memory consists of RAM which is called Random Access memory and ROM which is Read Only Memory. RAM is like a notebook where you can write and change data like add or delete but ROM is like a textbook, where once the data printed then it cannot be altered. Temporary memory is also known as internal memory. Secondary memory is also known as external memory consists of hard disc, floppy disc, cd and dvd drive as well as pen drive. External device consists of more storage space and most dynamic in terms of storing data. A motherboard inside the CPU is used as electronic circuit and SMPS is used for power supply.

Hope, this aricle gives you the baisc knowledge how a computer system work and process data as per the human desire.

• A computer is a device that accepts information (in the form of digitalized data) and manipulates it for some result based on a program or sequence of instructions on how the data is to be processed. Complex computers also include the means for storing data (including the program, which is also a form of data) for some necessary duration. A program may be invariable and built into the computer (and called logic circuitry as it is on microprocessors) or different programs may be provided to the computer (loaded into its storage and then started by an administrator or user). Today's computers have both kinds  of programming.

Most histories of the modern computer begin with theAnalytical Engine envisioned by Charles Babbage following the mathematical ideas of George Boole, the mathematician who first stated the principles of logic inherent in today's digital computer. Babbage's assistant and collaborator, Ada Lovelace, is said to have introduced the ideas of program loops and subroutines and is sometimes considered the first programmer. Apart from mechanical calculators, the first really useable computers began with the vacuum tube, accelerated with the invention of the transistor, which then became embedded in large numbers in integrated circuits, ultimately making possible the relatively low-cost personal computer.

Modern computers inherently follow the ideas of the stored program laid out by John von Neumann in 1945. Essentially, the program is read by the computer one instruction at a time, an operation is performed, and the computer then reads in the next instruction, and so on. Recently, computers and programs have been devised that allow multiple programs (and computers) to work on the same problem at the same time in parallel. With the advent of the Internet and higher bandwidth data transmission, programs and data that are part of the same overall project can be distributed over a network and embody the Sun Microsystems slogan: "The network is the computer."

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